How Bar Graphs Are Used to Display Data

A bar graph is a way to visually represent qualitative data. Qualitative or categorical data occurs when the information concerns a trait or attribute and is not numerical. This kind of graph emphasizes the relative sizes of each of the categories being measured by using vertical or horizontal bars. Each trait corresponds to a different bar. The arrangement of the bars is by frequency. By looking at all of the bars, it is easy to tell at a glance which categories in a set of data dominate the others. The larger a category, the bigger that its bar will be. Big Bars or Small Bars? To construct a bar graph we must first list all the categories. Along with this, we denote how many members of the data set are in each of the categories. Arrange the categories in order of frequency. We do this because the category with the highest frequency will end up being represented by the largest bar, and the category with the lowest frequency will be represented by the smallest bar. For a bar graph with vertical bars, draw a vertical line with a numbered scale. The numbers on the scale will correspond to the height of the bars. The greatest number that we need on the scale is the category with the highest frequency. The bottom of the scale is typically zero, however, if the height of our bars would be too tall, then we can use a number greater than zero. We draw this bar and label the bottom of it with the title of the category. We then continue the above process for the next category and conclude when bars for all categories have been included. The bars should have a gap separating each of them from one another. An Example To see an example of a bar graph, suppose that we gather some data by surveying students at a local elementary school. We ask every one of the students to tell us what his or her favorite food is. Of 200 students, we find that 100 like pizza the best, 80 like cheeseburgers, and 20 have a favorite food of pasta. This means that the highest bar (of height 100) goes to the category of pizza. The next highest bar is 80 units high and corresponds to cheeseburgers. The third and final bar represents the students who like pasta the best and is only 20 units high. The resulting bar graph is depicted above. Notice that both the scale and categories are clearly marked and that all the bars are separated. At a glance, we can see that although three foods were mentioned, pizza and cheeseburgers are clearly more popular than pasta. Contrast With Pie Charts Bar graphs are similar to pie chart since they are both graphs that are used for qualitative data. In comparing pie charts and bar graphs, it is generally agreed that between these two kinds of graphs, bar graphs are superior. One reason for this is that it is much easier for the human eye to tell the difference between the heights of bars than wedges in a pie. If there are several categories to graph, then there can be a multitude of pie wedges that appear to be identical. With a bar graph, it is easier to compare heights a know which bar is higher. Histogram Bar graphs are sometimes confused with histograms, probably because they resemble each other. Histograms do indeed also use bars to graph data, but a histogram deals with quantitative data that is numerical rather than qualitative data, and of a different level of measurement.

Drinking Age Essay - 677 Words

Drinking Age When teen-agers turn 18, they are told that they are adults and are sent into the world. They go to college, get a job, marry or join the military. They do grown-up things like vote, pay taxes and become parents. But they cant go to the pub for a beer because when it comes to liquor, they are still just kids. Wheres the fairness in the 21-and-older drinking law? First, it is necessary to question this law. Why is 21 the magical age that makes one intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol? Surely, some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be perfectly able to drink responsibly. This seemingly arbitrary number is associated with adulthood, as if the day a person turns 21 they know everything and†¦show more content†¦When they have the opportunity to drink, they do so in an irresponsible manner because drinking by these youth is seen as a badge of rebellion against authority and a symbol of adulthood. Clearly, this kind of devious attitude does not encourage responsible drinking. While young people in foreign countries learn to regard moderate drinking as an enjoyable social activity, young Americans view it as something they have to sneak around to do. If 18 year olds do not have legal access to even a beer in a public place, they are ill equipped to deal with the responsibilities that come with drinking when they do have the right. The drinking age should be lowered because the current age has no real basis. With a lowered drinking age, fewer problems will be present. Safe drinking needs to be taught, along with drinking in moderation. All of the arguments for having a raised drinking level or retaining the current one are weak. The problems that make a drinking age limit necessary are better solved through a lowered drinking level. Tightening the laws on underage drinking is wrong, as laws will still be broken and people 20 years, 364 days and younger will continue to consume alcohol. The answer to the problem of underage drinking is not to add more restrictions, rather, it is simple: get rid of the underage part. With the thrill of breaking the law gone and the access to the bar granted, people, especially collegeShow MoreRelatedLowering the Drinking Age1523 Words   |  7 Pages According to Andrew Herman, â€Å"Each year, 14,000 die from drinking too much. 600,000 are victims of alcohol related physical assault and 17,000 are a result of drunken driving deaths, many being innocent bystanders† (470). These massive numbers bring about an important realization: alcohol is a huge issue in America today. Although the problem is evident in Americans of all ages, the biggest issue is present in young adults and teens. 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See what I have a hard time understanding is why eighteen-year-olds are considered adults at the age of eighteen, but we can’t have a drink. At eighteen you are allowed to buy cigarettes, join the army, change your name. I just don’t understand why at eighteen youRead MoreMilitary Drinking Age1983 Words   |  8 PagesDrinking Age of the Military: Should it be Lowered Jason M. Stoudt DeVry University The drinking age in the military is currently set at 21 years old as it is set for the rest of the country. There has been an age old statement widely used by those in the military, â€Å"If I am old enough to fight and die for my country, I should be old enough to drink†. The debate is out there that the drinking age should be lowered for all young adults from 18 years old to 21 years old. The idea behind the factRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age Of The Age981 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, there are those who remain persistent in their requests to drop the drinking age to a slightly lower option. Opposition to the legal drinking age of twenty-one has shown to have some support from mostly younger groups of people, without much validation as to why a lowered drinking age would be beneficial to our country as a whole. Yet, there are still some interesting arguments for those in favor of dropping the age at which it is legal to drink to eighteen. Consider how many young adults chooseRead MoreBinge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays829 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 March 13, 2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (WechslerRead MoreBinge Drinking And The Minimum Legal Drinking Age3264 Words   |  14 PagesKarzhova Marina Erin Beaver English Composition II 5 November 2014 Binge Drinking and the Minimum Legal Drinking Age In the year 1984, President Ronald Reagan enacted a law that increased the minimum drinking Age all U.S states to 21 years. As a result, it is believed that the mortality rates due to road accidents reduced from 5,000 in the 80’s to 2, 000 in 2005 (Dean-Mooney). However, the issue of binge drinking remains unsolved with learning institutions having to deal with it every semester. In

Carley Letchworth Personal essay free essay sample

Every summer my dad, brother, and I go camping at least twice a month. We dont have a set camp ground we go to, we just love camping on warm summer days and we bring our little fishing boat to the lake and ride the cool calm water. We would set the boat with our anchor, cast our fishing rods, and relax while catching so many whiskered catfish. We have been doing this for a few years since we lived here in Stuart. The lakes are large with not a lot of people around which is nice and relaxing. The lakes are surrounded by tall trees, and old hiking bridges. My favorite part is the smell of the burning campfires and smoky food we have, and it is a great getaway from people.After we set up the campsite we put our boat in the water; however, since its just a small boat my dad and I can just carry it to the water. We will write a custom essay sample on Carley Letchworth Personal essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I remember when we had a big boat, we would have to pull the boat up to the launching ramp and it would scare me since the ramp was a steep hill and me being eight at the time. My Dad would sometimes ask me to help, even if I wanted to I would always refuse cause I knew I couldnt cause of my little noodle arms. However, since I am older now we have the small boat so its an easier to get the boat set up.The lakes we go to are always surrounded by gorgeous tall pines, sparkling water, sand and old hiking trails/bridges. I love being in the woods in the dead of night or in the middle of the day, it doesnt matter, I just find it so peaceful and relaxing. The way the sun/moonlight shines through the trees high above it is just so beautiful. When we go camping I walk on the hiking trails at least once. The trails are a great way to clear your mind, I just love walking across the old bridges that overlook the sparkling lake and occasionally see a fish or two jump out of the water.When we are camping at a lake or just camping in general, there are smells all over the place. The smoky smell of fresh campfire smoke fills the air and sometimes the scent of marshmallows and hotdogs being toasted/cooked are all over. My brother always insets to get marshmallows and Hershey bars to make smores even when its still light out; often he would get his fingers sticky and dirty from making so many of them. The campfires I make are so big bright with fiery reds, oranges and yellows. This is always a great time for my dad and me to peacefully talk to each other while looking up at the stars.Camping is the best thing I like to do with my family, no matter where we may go I know we are going to have a great time. From driving the boat around the sparkling water to relaxing, catching fish of all shapes and sizes. Also getting away from reality and relaxing under the starry sky. The smell of campfire smoke slowing floating up the tall pine trees is one of my favorite things about camping. If you havent went camping before; I strongly recommend it, it is one of my most favorite thing to do no matter when or where it may be.

Incorruptible Play Review free essay sample

Incorruptible The play, Incorruptible, is full of deceit, irony and Just a little bit of morally wrong acts committed by Christian monks. The first act begins with Charles the head monk of the church is praying to the relics of the Saint Stella. A peasant woman is trying to sneak in a few prayers without paying the church a penny to pray. Martin, another monk of the church, and Charles are arguing because their church is not getting very many donations and not making very much money. Saint Stellas relics that these Brothers honor as their church patron have seemed to stop performing miracles. They all hope that Brother Felix, yet another monk in the church will bring the Pope to their church to see their Saint and honor it, hoping that it will help Saint Stella to perform miracles. Unfortunately, Brother Felix is unable to bring the Pope to their church. We will write a custom essay sample on Incorruptible Play Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Pope had already gone off to a different city because it was rumored that a monk with one eye sold the real relics of Saint Stella to the church of the city of Barbados. This insinuating that the ones the Brothers have is not the real Saint Stella, but a fake. The peasant woman comes back and wants her donation of one button back. The rumor has spread threw the city that the Saint Stella bones all the followers of that church have given pennies and prayers to is a fake. The monks hear the story from the peasant woman and strike up a deal to get the one eyed monk who delivered the real relics to the church in Barbados, to come to their church and want to know why he stole their relics. This one eyed monk who sold the relics happens to be the peasant womans son- in-law, who is a sort of Jester type character. He tries to get away but then the monks accuse him of taking their relics, they steal his 30 gold pieces and force him to tell im what it was that he did. Jack, the Jesters name, tells the monks how he dug up a body from a grave and gave the bones to Abess, the head nun of the church in Barbados, who also happens to be Charles sister. With this being reveled that the bones Jack sold where fake Martin, comes up with the idea of digging up all the graves in their church graveyard and sell the body parts as real Saints. This eventually gets out of control. Martin manipulates Charles into doing most of these terrible things and forces Jack to become a monk and dig up bodies. While Jack is laying the role of monk he sneaks his girlfriend Marie into the church for some, frolicking, as it was put. Little do they all know that Marie is the long lost love of Felix, the reason he became a monk for this church was because of Saint Stella. Through out the play Felix and Marie miss each other Just by moments. By the end of the play Martin has gotten caught up in making so much money that he has gotten cocky. Wanting for the Pope to visit so badly he writes to the Pope telling him that they have an Incorruptible, which is a body that does not decompose the same as others because they are so holy. The Pope says he will come but the problem is that these Brothers do not have an Incorruptible. For awhile Jack did not want to get caught sneaking Marie in so he hides her in a sack. Martin mistakes Marie as the Incorruptible he sent Jack to go find. In the end Marie goes off with Felix to do what they planned on doing before and the church still has Saint Stella who does perform This Play was one that seemed to be set back in the times, but had a modern twist to it. The theme of this play could be said to be a few different things. Personally, there seems to be a lean toward having faith. Through out the play they all through ut quotes from the bible about having faith, and that without faith you wont get anything you want or need. Through out the play all of the monks at one point in time had lost some faith in their patron Saint. Only when all those who lost faith started to have real faith in Saint Stella is when it was seen that miracles were happening. Sometimes we need to go through some rough patches to get to what we really want in the end. The important thing to remember however is that youVe got to have faith in what you believe in and not give that up. The theme of faith was not the only thing that was pretty consistent through out he play. Between act 1 and act 2 there was only one costume change and it was not very different from the first one. The peasant womans costume does not change from act to act, or if it did it was very subtle and I did not notice. Maries costume changed a little but it was still the same idea of a torn skirt, looking some what of a collected mess. The monks changed the colors of their gowns to show that they had money now. The blue outfits made the monks look more fun and showing that they were expensive. This tells the audience that since the last act theyVe idea of pretty uch hustling body parts has been working out pretty well for them. All these actors in this performance were both funny and did a fantastic Job. My favorite I think would have to be Felix, played by Geoffrey Zokal. What was so funny about his character was his comments made under his breathe almost. Maybe it was were I had chosen to sit, but I sitting first row right in front of the skeleton head I heard almost all of the little comments made. When Martin said something that was just ridiculous or Charles was agreeing to some ridiculous plan he had a funny way of trying to stop it, but not trying to hard. He really showed how much he cared for the relics and that showed to me that he had an attachment to this saint for a reason. His character did have a reason to be attached to this Saint and Felix did well with praying to it, when Martin wanted to get rid of Saint Stella Felix wraps the bones and sleeps with Saint Stella. Geoffrey seemed very into the role as well. He looked like he was having fun with it and that in turn made it more enjoyable for myself. It was an enjoyable dark comedy for a non-theatre major, such as me. It had the dark because these monks believed that these old bones of dead people, who quite ossible might not even bee Saints can actually cure a woman with an oozing lump on her back. The whole play is comical but they are completely serious. What they are saying is funny to us, but the play is supposed to show a light side of the seriousness of the topic. For example, during the play when Felix is freaking out about Martin and Charles getting rid of Saint Stellas bones, he runs to the alter and takes the bones with him. That was very funny to me, but for the playa it was showing his devotion to his faith. That Felix was one who still had faith in his patron saint, and that she would help him get his love back. The title of the play means a body that does not decay like many others because of its holiness. It is a little ironic that Marie is the girl that Felix talked to Jack about. Felix was under the impression that Marie was dead, drowned. She ironically goes to pretend to be the Incorruptible for a sort while and she technically was thought to be dead, two different times. Incorruptible is a funny dark comedy that I would recommend for others to go see. This was not a show that I had to try at all to stay away during. I had fun with the show, the cast was fun and the performance was done well.